ROME: URBS ET ORBIS	Fall 1995
History of Art 258	Prof. Jack M. Greenstein
Syllabus

Description

	In Antiquity, the hegemony of Rome was explained, promoted and 
justified by an elaborate cosmic myth of Rome as city of cities and 
center of the world.  This course looks at how the ancient, medieval, and 
Renaissance art and architecture of Rome fostered, drew upon, and 
inflected this myth of Rome Urbs et Orbis, how this myth often stood in 
sharp contrast to prevailing political and social realities, and how the 
image of Rome served as a template for the development of the urban 
identities of other Italian cities.

	The purpose of the course is three fold: first, to give you a 
working knowledge of the major monuments of Rome, their place within the 
urban fabric of the city and their civic functions.  To this end, each 
section of the course will include historical and typological overviews 
of major monuments.  These will concentrate on the who, what when and why 
of construction, decoration, renovation, and use.  The information and 
stories will be of the sort that a very good tour guide might give in the 
course of a visit to the monument, but with a greater attention to 
separating fact from myth.  The second purpose is to analyze and 
investigate the urban significance of these monuments.  In this analysis, 
both myth and fact will have a part.  Accordingly it will use as evidence 
not only monumental civic art and architecture, but also written accounts 
and city-views.  The goal of the investigation will be to come to an 
understanding of the social, cultural and symbolic character of Rome as 
inscribed in its monuments and art.  The third purpose is to explore how 
the civic identity of Rome shaped the civic self-consciousness of 
citizens in other medieval and Renaissance Italian cities.  This 
exploration will focus on Florence, Siena, Bologna and Venice.

Organization

	The course will be divided into three sections, each 
corresponding to a major epoch in the history of Rome.  Each will include 
discussion of the treatment of Rome in art and literature as well as 
surveys of the civic art and architecture of Rome.  The first will treat 
the ancient city; the second, the medieval city, the third the 
Renaissance city.  None of these seeks to be exhaustive surveys.  Rather, 
the first will concentrate on the physical growth of the city, the forms 
and typology of civic architecture and the development of an urban 
ideology based upon restoring and inventing a past worthy of the present 
and future.  The second section will focus on medieval Rome as the seat 
of the Papacy and as the capital, so to speak, of Latin Christendom.  We 
will give special attention to how the Church promoted a Christian 
"history" of Rome and how the Papacy used this history in its contests 
with the Emperor and with the leading families of Rome in its struggle 
for political hegemony.  The third section will look at the rebuilding of 
Rome in the Renaissance, with particular emphasis on the restoration of 
Rome as a modern, Christian "ancient" capital.

	The first section will run approximately three weeks including 
the introductory lecture.  The second and third sections will each run 
approximately five weeks.  The first two sections will be followed by 
exams.  For each section, you will be given detailed study guides listing 
the monuments, streets, people, concepts and so forth that you will have 
to know for the exams.  In addition to facts and stories, you will be 
expected to be able to locate the monuments on a map of Rome.


Requirements and Grading 

Quiz on ancient Rome (to be administered during the fourth week of 
class)--15%

Midterm exam (focusing on medieval Rome, but including some comparative 
material with ancient Rome; to be administered during the ninth week)--20%

Final Exam (focusing on Renaissance Rome but including some ancient and 
medieval material)--30%

Research Paper (due the last day of class)--35% 
	For the research paper you will be asked to adopt the viewpoint 
of a citizen, resident, or visitor to Rome in one of the periods covered 
in the course and to implicate that character in an urban project 
undertaken at that time, as a spectator, worker, patron, opponent, etc.  
Full details will be given after the midterm exam.  Since all topics must 
be chosen in consultation with the instructor, a meeting with the 
instructor is a requirement for the course.
	If the class is small enough, each student will be asked to give 
a brief (10-15 minute) presentation of the urban project that will be 
treated in the paper.  If so, the presentation will be worth 10% of the 
final grade and the written report 25%. 


Required reading--on reserve and available at Penn Book Center

John Stambaugh, The Ancient Roman City, John Hopkins Univ. Press, 1988, 
pb.  

Richard Krautheimer, Rome, Profile of a City, 312-1308, Princeton Univ. 
Press, 1980, pb.  

Marvels of Rome.  Mirabilia Urbis Romae, ed. and trans. Francis Morgan 
Nichols, Italica Press, 1986, pb

Charles Stinger, Renaissance in Rome, Indiana University Press, 1985, 
hardcover ($39.95), recently declared out of print (there may not be 
sufficient copies for all who wish to purchase it).

These will be supplemented briefer readings distributed in class, 
especially for the Renaissance.



Reading assignments on the Ancient City (complete the assigned pages by 
the date given)

September 12: Stambaugh, pp. 1-85
September 14: Krautheimer, pp. 1-18
September 19: Stambaugh, pp. 89-157
September 21: Stambaugh, pp. 157-212
September 26: Stambaugh, pp. 212-285
History of Art 258
Fall 1995
Prof. Jack M. Greenstein

	ROME: URBS ET ORBIS

	Study Guide on Ancient Rome

Monuments and Squares:

     *Roman Forum (Forum Romanum)p including:
	*Curia Senatus (Senate House)p
	Arch of Septimus Severusp
	*Basilica Nova (Basilica of Maxentius/Constantine)p
	Via Sacra
*Arch of Constantinep
*Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheater)p
*Palatine Hill
Tiburtine Island
Circus Maximus
*Forum Boarium including:
	Round Templep
	Rectangular Temple (Temple of Portunus?)p
*Imperial Fora including:
	Forum and Market of Trajanp
	Forum of Julius Caesar
	Forum of Augustus
*Capitoline Hill
*Mausoleum of Hadrian (Castel Sant'Angelo)p
*Pantheonp
Mausoleum of Augustus
Campus Martius
Stadium of Domitian (Piazza Navona)p
Baths of Caracalla
*Aurelian Wallp
*Severian Wall

Roads, Gates, Bridges. Places

     Via Appia (Antica)
Via Aurelia
Via Flaminia
Via Labicana (Via Casalina)
Via Latina
Via Nomentana
Via Ostiense
Via Portuensis
Via Salaria
Via Tiburtina
Pons Aelius (Aelian Bridge or Ponte Sant'Angelo)
Pons Aemilius (Ponte Rotta)
Pons Cestius 
Pons Fabricius (Ponte dei Quattro Capi)p
Pons Neronianus 
Porta Appia (Porta S. Sebastiano)
Porta Asinaria (near Porta S. Giovanni Laterano)
Porta Aurelia (Porta S. Pancrazio)
Porta Flaminia (Porta del Popolo)
Porta Labicana (Porta Maggiore)
Porta Latina
Porta Ostiense (Porta S. Paolo)
Porta Portuensis (Porta Portese)
Porta Praenestina (Porta Maggiore)
Porta Tiburtina (Porta S. Lorenzo)

Streets

     Alta Semita (approximated by Via XX Settembre and Via IV 	Novembre)
Argiletum
Via Lata (Via del Corso)
Via Asinaria (Via S. Giovanni)
Vicus Iugarius
Vicus Longus (approximated by Via Nazionale)
Vicus Patricius (Via Urbana)

*People, terms, etc. 

     Romulus and Remus
Roma quadrata
Mundus
Pomerium
Templum
Sulla
Pompey
Julius Caesar
Augustus Caesar (Octavian)
Cicero
Virgil
Livy
Hadrian
Constantine the Great
patrician 
plebian
slave
freedman
SPQR
clientela
domus
insula
21 April 753 BC

N. B.  For the first in-class exam, you should be prepared to locate on a 
map of Rome all Monuments and Squares, Roads, Gates and Bridges, and 
Streets listed above.  In addition, you should be prepred to identify all 
People, terms, etc. and discuss their significance for Rome and Roman 
urbanism.  You should also be prepared to discuss in like manner all 
monunments marked with an asterick (*).  You should also be prepared to 
identify from slides all monuments marked with a superscript "p" (p).
History of Art 258	
Fall 1995
Prof. Jack M. Greenstein


	ROME: URBS ET ORBIS

	Study guide for Medieval Rome (Krautheimer)

Churches (be able to identify from slide, locate on map, and discuss the 
following buildings and their major artistic decoration):

     Old St. Peter's, including Piazza S. Pietro.
Lateran Basilica (St. John Lateran, S. Giovanni Laterano), including 
transept, Baptistry, 	Triclinium of Leo III, cloister, and "Lateran 
collection" of sculpture.
Santa Costanza.
S. Clemente, including apse mosaic and lower church.
S. Lorenzo fuori le mura (St. Lawrence outside the walls), including 
covered cemetery, 	Pelagius' Basilica, facade, narthex and nave.
S. Maria in Cosmedin, interior and exterior.
S. Maria in Trastevere, including apse decoration.
S. Maria Maggiore, including nave and apse decoration.
S. Paolo fuori le mura (St. Paul's outside the walls), including cloister.
S. Prassede, including Chapel of S. Zeno.
S. Pudenziana, including apse mosaic.
SS. Quattro Coronati, including Chapel of S. Silvestro.
S. Sabina.

Other Monuments and Sites (be able to identify from slide, locate on map, 
and discuss):

     Arch of Constantine.
Vatican and Vatican Palace.
Castel Sant'Angelo, Ponte Sant'Angelo (Aelian Bridge)
Capitoline Hill, including Palazzo del Senatorio, Palazzo dei 
Conservatori and S. Maria 	in Aracoeli (S. Maria in Capitolio).
Medieval House, Via dell'Arco della Pace 10/11.
Casa dei Crescenzio.

Ancient Monuments in the Middle Ages (be able to describe briefly what 
happened to the following during the Middle Ages):

     Pantheon.
Theater of Marcellus.
Colloseum.
Tabularium.
Mausoleum of Hadrian. 

Works of Art (be able to identify from slides and discuss):
     
Head and Hand of Constantine.
Lupa (She-Wolf).
Marcus Aurelius.
Thornpicker (Spinario).
Icon of S. Maria Franscesa (S. Maria Nova)

Streets, Piazze, Gates, regions (be able to locate on map and discuss):
     
Via Lata (Via del Corso).
Via del Papa.
Leonine Borgo. 
The Ghetto, especially Portico of Octaviana and S. Angelo in 	Pescheria.
Gianicolo (Janiculum).
Abitato.
Disabitato.
Piazza Navona.
Campo dei Fiore.
Porta S. Spirito.
Trastevere.

People (be able to identify and discuss):
     
Boniface VIII.
Charlemagne.
Cola di Rienzo.
Constantine.
Frederick II.
Gregory the Great.
Gregory VII (Hildebrand).
Pope Leo III.
St. Paul.
St. Peter.

Artists (be able to identify from slides and discuss the major Roman 
works of the following) 

     Arnolfo di Cambio, including Statue of St. Peter.
Pietro Cavallini, including Last Judgment and mosaics in S. M. in Trastevere
Giotto, including Navicella and Stefaneschi Altarpiece. 
Jacopo Torriti, esp. mosaics in S. M. Maggiore.

Roman Families (be able to identify):

     Caetani.
Frangipani.
Pierleoni.
Savelli.

Terms, etc. (be able to define and/or discuss):

     Byzantine Empire.
Carolingians.
Cardinal.
Catacomb.
Curia.
Diaconiae (Cardinal Deacons)
Donation of Constantine.
Holy Roman Emperor.
Papacy.
Pilgrimage churches (be able to name all seven of them).
Rione.
Roman Senate.
Titulus (titular church).


Other (be able to discuss):

     Constantinople.
Fra Paolino de Venezia, Map of Rome, 1323 (also be able to identify from 
slide).
Monte Cassino.
Reading Assignments on Medieval Rome.

Week of October 10:  Krautheimer, Chapters, 1-2, 9-10
Week of October 17:  Krautheimer, Chapters,  3-5
Week of October 25:  Krautheimer, Chapters, 6-7, 11
Week of November 1:  Krautheimer, Chapters, 8, 12-14, Marvels of Rome.